Increasing MPA Effectiveness through Working with Local Communities: Guidelines for the Caribbean
 Caroline Garaway and Nicole Esteban
The aim of these guidelines is to show how working more closely with people living in and around Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) - addressing their needs and concerns and encouraging their involvement in management - can lead to increased MPA effectiveness.
MPAs are rarely set up by, or explicitly for, the general populace living in or around them, yet MPA implementation can have a profound effect on these people's livelihoods, affecting, for example, their sources of income or nutrition, or their means of recreation. At the same time, the activities of local people impact on resources within MPAs and can therefore have a significant effect on the success of any management initiatives.
These guidelines highlight these two-way impacts. They suggest how negative consequences can be minimised, positive consequences maximised, and how local involvement in management can be fostered to improve the effectiveness of MPA operations.
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